نشریه مطالعات نقد ادبی
پیاپی 45 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

The translation of holy and religious texts, especially the Holy Qur'an, requires three pillars: a) language expertise; b) professionalism in translation; Undoubtedly, there is no standard language and prose, more translations are customized, more translators from the Qur'an than one-language or bilingual, borrowed from word to meaning, and dumb and inaudible, including the problems of translation of the Holy Quran. Certainly, the Holy Qur'an itself has no"ambiguity". If in the translation of other texts, such as literary and scientific texts, a mistake occurs, it is ultimately a mistake, but in the translation of religious texts, especially the Holy Qur'an, the subject is different. Revelation, direct connection with the beliefs of the religionists and the fact that the Quran has been different from other texts. In this research work, the researcher selected the translation of verses from the Holy Qur'an from five prominent Iranian translators: Ayati, Haddad Adil, Khoramshahi, Puladabad and Makarem Shirazi. He then translated his translation into the end of the translations for not only criticizing others. Meanwhile, a reminder of a translation for each of Mubarak's verses is to open the hands of the audience to the translation of a more fluent and eloquent version by offering different translations.

The Holy Qur'an has different dimensions and a delicate appearance and deep inner. Among these high meaningsand deep concepts are its oaths. Oaths confer a large part of the Quranic verses, and especially the small Mecca’s Surahs. The oaths are composed of indissoluble components, as well as Swear (Moghsem Beh) it and Sworn (Moghsem lah), which have no meaning without each other. In the present Descriptive-analytical study, we have investigated the relation between the structures of oath sentence. Also, the challenges in various translations of these sentences- the Balad Surah as a target- in view points of different translators and commentators were studied. It is notable that from the syntax scientists viewpoint, oath is considered as what makes the sentence emphasizing; Therefore, it is one way to emphasize usual statements and has no way except having an answer stating oath's objective. Since the Qur'an's oaths are the ultimate means for the tendency of human thoughts to research in the depths of various issues and creatures of the world in order to open up the science doors in to the human community.Then, it is necessary to notice into relationship between the various components of the structure of the oath sentences by commentators and translators in the translations of the Holy Quran. The results of this study on the various translations of the Holy Quran indicate that unfortunately the above mentionedtranslations and the other could not consider the exact relationship between different components of oath structure especially in Balad Surah.

This article entitled as reviewing and criticizing three contemporary translations, presents a case study of Surah Al-Naba` with the aim of trying to explain correct Quranic concepts from the source language to the target language as humanly, and also review its impact in Quranic addressee. It uses a library method and lexical and interpretive resources to have more accurate and appropriate translation. Work method in this research is as follows, by using descriptive- analytical method and collecting data by phishing method and also with the aim of achieving a more accurate translation, it seeks to made an investigation in the technical-literary pathology of the three translations. Research results showed that in comparing three mentioned translations, the translation of Mr. Fooladvand has a better conformity and fluency with the sacred texts of Holy Quran than other translations and also seems more appropriate.

From past to present synonym phenomenon has taken many studies, and faced serious opponents and supporters. Synonym in Holy Quran by focusing on the study of words in linguistic and jurisprudence principles, and logic as special sciences of Quran, were the field of scientific endeavors in the past. Are the words synonyms or antonyms in subjects? Does synonym in Persian and other languages translate correctly or not? Synonym order in its correct style, or complete differences in meanings of words with viewpoint on differences in two or more words, differences in rhetoric, and lexical differences are intended in this article. Considering the structure of words, compound combination of words, inflection order, diacritic, vocal phones, synonyms and antonyms in the field of Quran words based on divine and inspired words which associate with meanings of author world are other subjects of the article. Also proving and refusing synonym as the legacy and wealth of language, mobilization of words in perfection and strengthen of language are another subjects, too. The author by stating scientific knowledge of two translators, who are technical in jurisprudence and literature in Iran, modestly has analytical and descriptive viewpoints by analyzing and reviewing of words.

One of the challenges that the translators of Quran encounter with is the translation of the polysemous words such as {ma}. These words have some similarities and diversities in their application so the translators interpret them on the basis of their beliefs which are incorrect and complicated. In this descriptive-analytic research, we tried to explain and define the word "Maa" and revise the translation of Qomeshei and Fouladvand in order to correct the errors and make suggestion . In this research ,different meanings of" Maa" are expressed according to the diversity of its application in different verses and the majority of criticisms on these two translator (qomeshei and fouladvand).

The Quran has been the religious book  for all humans and delivering its message  is  the  religious  duty of all of us. Because it is in Arabic , the  most primary and  the simplest  way to understand it is  its translation which has  different stages, in each of which the challenge is  possible; so, determining  the  challenges  and  mentioning  the approaches  to resolve them  is useful   to   strengthen the presentation of  less inaccurate translation. This study has aimed to  propose  the challenges  for  each stage of  translation  and  problems of  several  ones  by thinking  in verses of the Quran  and their  translation  and  by using content analysis  and  present  necessary  approaches to resolve them. Findings from the study showed that a translation  in which a translator  has benefited from experts in etymology, morphology  and eloquence, memorizer  of Quran and person being prominent and skillful in speaking Arabic is successful.